ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: la fibrilación auricular es una enfermedad multifactorial, que alcanza una prevalencia del 1 al 2% en la población general. Objetivo: determinar las características clínicas de los pacientes con fibrilación auricular atendidos en atención primaria en una institución de alta complejidad del Nororiente colombiano. Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, en el que se recopilaron datos demográficos, clínicos, escala de riesgo tromboembólico y modalidades de tratamiento mediante las historias clínicas electrónicas de pacientes con fibrilación auricular. Resultados: entre 528 historias clínicas analizadas, se seleccionaron 199, con edad promedio de 76,47( 8,94 años; 121 fueron mujeres (60,80%). Respecto al tipo de fibrilación auricular, 35 (17,59%) pacientes eran de tipo valvular y 164 (82,41%) no valvular. 152 (76,38%) tenían anticoagulación oral, 67 (33,84%) manejo antiagregante (ácido acetilsalicílico) y 39 (19,60%) terapia combinada. Según la escala CHADS2, 9 (4,5%) pacientes se clasificaban en bajo riesgo, 30 (15,1%) en moderado y 160 (80,4%) en alto. En el grupo de bajo riesgo, 6 estaban en manejo anticoagulante mientras que en el grupo de alto riesgo, 11 no recibían tratamiento farmacológico. Conclusión: a partir de los hallazgos mencionados, es fundamental fortalecer los esquemas de tromboprofilaxis de los pacientes con fibrilación auricular mediante la actualización y el conocimiento de las guías de práctica clínica por parte del médico tratante. Así mismo, es recomendable usar las escalas CHADS2 y HAS-BLED con el fin de ofrecer tratamiento individualizado y oportuno de modo que se eviten complicaciones.
Abstract Introduction: Atrial fibrillation is a disease caused by many factors, and has a prevalence of 1-2% in the general population. Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics of patients with atrial fibrillation treated in Primary care in a high complexity health centre in North-eastern Colombia. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study in which a record was made of the demographic and clinical data, with the scores on the thromboembolic risk scale, as well as any treatments, taken from the computerised medical records of patients with atrial fibrillation. Results: A total of 528 medical records analysed, from which 199 were selected. The mean age was 76.47( 8.94 years and 121 (60.8%) were women. As regards the type of atrial fibrillation, 35 (17.59%) patients had a valvular type, and 164 (82.41%) non-valvular. Oral anticoagulants were prescribed in 152 (76.38%) patients, 67 (33.84%) with antiplatelet (acetyl salicylic acid) treatment, and 39 (19.60%) were on combined therapy. According to the CHADS2 scale, 9 (4.5%) were classified as low risk, 30 (15.1%) as moderate, and 160 (80.4%) as high risk. In the low risk group, 6 were on anticoagulant therapy, while 11 patients in the high risk group did not receive any drug treatment. Conclusion: From the findings mentioned, it is essential that the thrombo-prophylaxis schemes of patients with atrial fibrillation are reinforced by updating, as well as knowledge of the clinical practice guidelines by the treating physician. Furthermore, it is recommended to use the CHADS2 and HAS-BLED scales, with the aim of offering individualised and appropriate treatment in order to avoid complications.